931
APRIL 2003
HENCH AND LUETTICH
t
2
sin
f Us
sin
0.
U s cos
g cos
Us
(A10)
x
y
y
x
M
Mn2
Mn3
Mn4
n1
ments of secondary currents in river bends. Nature, 269, 504
With this transformation Ms3 and Mn5 are zero by def-
506.
inition (i.e., bottom friction acts entirely in the stream-
Black, K. P., and S. L. Gay, 1987: Eddy formation in unsteady flows.
wise direction, and Coriolis only in the normal direc-
J. Geophys. Res., 92, 95149522.
tion). To complete the transformation, derivatives in the
Blanton, J. O., F. E. Werner, A. Kapolnai, B. O. Blanton, D. Knott,
xy and sn coordinate systems are related by the chain
and E. L. Wenner, 1999: Wind-generated transport of fictitious
passive larvae into shallow tidal estuaries. Fish. Oceanogr., 8
rule:
(Suppl.), 210223.
s
n
c
Brown, C. A., G. A. Jackson, and D. A. Brooks, 2000: Particle trans-
sin
,
os
(A11)
port through a narrow tidal inlet due to tidal forcing and im-
x
sx
nx
s
n
plications for larval transport. J. Geophys. Res., 105, 24 141
24 156.
s
n
s
cos
,
Carr, E. E., and N. C. Kraus, 2002: Federal inlets database. Proc.
in
(A12)
y
sy
ny
s
n
2002 National Conf. Beach Preservation Technology, Biloxi,
MS, Florida Shore and Beach Preservation Association, 119
where s/ x cos , s/ y sin , n/ x
sin , and
126.
n/ y cos from Fig. A1. The final relationship need-
Chadwick, D. B., and J. L. Largier, 1999a: The influence of tidal
range on the exchange between San Diego Bay and the ocean.
ed is / s
1/Rs , where Rs(x, y, t) is the streamwise
J. Geophys. Res., 104, 29 88529 899.
radius of curvature (cf. Gill 1982; Munson et al. 1994),
----, and ----, 1999b: Tidal exchange at the bay-ocean boundary.
with curvature to the left assumed positive. Expanding
J. Geophys. Res., 104, 29 90129 924.
Chant, R. J., and R. E. Wilson, 1997: Secondary circulation in a
the spatial derivatives in (A9) and (A10) with the chain
highly stratified estuary. J. Geophys. Res., 102, 23 20723 215.
Chao, S.-Y., 1990: Tidal modulation of estuarine plumes. J. Phys.
fying yields the momentum equations in sn coordinates
Oceanogr., 20, 11151123.
Churchill, J. H., J. O. Blanton, J. L. Hench, R. A. Luettich Jr., and
Us
Us
Cf U 2
Us
g
0,
F. E. Werner, 1999: Flood tide circulation near Beaufort Inlet,
s
(A13)
t
s
s
North Carolina: Implications for larval recruitment. Estuaries,
H
M
22, 10571070.
Cromwell, J. E., 1973: Barrier coast distribution: a worldwide survey.
Ms2
Ms4
Ms5
s1
Barrier Islands, M. L. Schwartz, Ed., Dowdon, Hutchinson and
U2
s
Ross, 407408.
f Us
g
0.
Crowder, L. B., and F. E. Werner, Eds., 1999: Fisheries oceanography
Us
(A14)
t
n
Rs
of the estuarine-dependent fishes of the South Atlantic Bight:
M
An interdisciplinary synthesis of SABRE (South Atlantic Bight
Recruitment Experiment). Fish. Oceanogr., 8 (Suppl. 2), 252 pp.
Mn2
Mn3
Mn4
n1
Fenster, M. R., and R. Dolan, 1996: Assessing the impact of tidal
(A similar procedure can be followed to obtain the s
inlets on adjacent barrier island shorelines. J. Coastal Res., 12,
/t
294310.
Foreman, M. G. G., A. M. Baptista, and R. A. Walters, 1992: Tidal
sH/ s
Us H / n
0.) Note that once values of
model studies of particle trajectories around a shallow coastal
the xy momentum terms are known, along with the
bank. Atmos.Ocean, 30, 4369.
streamline angles, the values of the sn momentum
Forward, R. B., Jr., and Coauthors, 1999: Transport of fish larvae
through a tidal inlet. Fish. Oceanogr., 8 (Suppl.), 153172.
terms can be computed directly using (A3) and (A4).
Geyer, W. R., 1993: Three-dimensional tidal flow around headlands.
Thus the right-hand sides of (A3)(A4) are actually cal-
J. Geophys. Res., 98, 955966.
culated and the left-hand sides of (A3)(A4) are the
----, and R. P. Signell, 1992: A reassessment of the role of tidal
physical quantities to interpret. This methodology is
dispersion in estuaries and bays. Estuaries, 15, 97108.
useful because one retains the computational ease of
Gill, A. E., 1982: AtmosphereOcean Dynamics. Academic Press,
662 pp.
working in a standard xy coordinate system and with
Hench, J. L., B. O. Blanton, and R. A. Luettich Jr., 2002: Lateral
a simple transform gains the interpretational advantages
dynamic analysis and classification of barotropic tidal inlets.
of the sn coordinate system.
Cont. Shelf Res., 15, 26152631.
Imasato, N., 1983: What is tide-induced residual current? J. Phys.
Oceanogr., 13, 13071317.
REFERENCES
----, 1987: Application limit of tide-induced residual current theo-
ry--Criticism of previous studies on a circular tide-induced re-
sidual current. J. Oceanogr. Soc. Japan, 43, 319331.
Baptista, A. M., E. E. Adams, and K. D. Stolzenbach, 1984: Eulerian-
----, S. Fujio, Q. Zhang, T. Awaji, and K. Akitomo, 1994: Three-
Lagrangian analysis of pollutant transport in shallow water. R.
dimensional numerical experiments on tidal exchange through
M. Parsons Lab. Tech. Rep. 296, Massachusetts Institute of Tech-
a narrow strait in a homogeneous and a stratified sea. J. Ocean-
nology, 140 pp.
ogr., 50, 119139.
Bathurst, J. C., C. R. Thorne, and R. D. Hey, 1977: Direct measure-
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