Introduction - TR-03-60016
Commerce at Port of Anchorage in 2001 (City of Anchorage Web Site)
Problem Background
Turbulent scale effect in geometrically distorted physical models
Task 2: Small-area idealized flow model of Cook Inlet
Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory Flow Table
Figure 3. Side view of CHL flow table
Figure 5. View of traversing system looking down through glass bottom
Idealized Cook Inlet Models
Figure 6. Area coverage of large-area and small-area idealized models
Large-Area Model Description
Figure 7. Idealized bathymetry in large-area model
Figure 8. Cutting large-area model pieces with router
Large-Area Model Observations
Figure 10. Flood flow in large-area idealized model
Figure 12. Alaska District engineers observe dye patterns in large-area idealized model
Small-Area Model Description
Small-Area Model Observations
Figure 14. Cutting small-area model pieces with router
Figure 16. Idealized bathymetry in small-area model
Figure 17. Small-area idealized model positioning on flow table
Conclusions From Idealized Models
Turbulence Scale Effect in Distored Models
Geometrically Distorted Models
Turbulence Similitude in Geometrically Distorted Models
Turbulence Similitude in Geometrically Distorted Models cont'd - TR-03-60041
Turbulence Similitude in Geometrically Distorted Models cont'd - TR-03-60042
Turbulence Similitude in Geometrically Distorted Models cont'd - TR-03-60043
Turbulence Similitude in Geometrically Distorted Models cont'd - TR-03-60044
Anticipated Scale Effects
Anticipated Scale Effects cont'd
Flow at Bend
Flow at Bend cont'd - TR-03-60048
Flow at Bend cont'd - TR-03-60049
Flow at Bend cont'd - TR-03-60050
Flow at Bend cont'd - TR-03-60051
Turbulence Scale Effect Experiments
Case 4: Flow separation at vertical step - TR-03-60053
Table 4 Distorted Model Froude Scales
Case 1: Flow Separation at Vertical Edge - Free Jet
Experiment setup
Figure 20. Experiment setup for Case 1 free jet flow separation at vertical edge
Table 5 Distortion Experimental Scale Factors and Parameters
Case 1 results
Figure 21. Velocity field NQ = 1.5, prototype (Case 1)
Figure 23. Velocity field NQ = 1.5, distortion = 4 (Case 1)
Figure 25. Comparison between prototype and distortion = 6, NQ = 1.5 (Case 1)
Figure 27. Crossflow velocity ratios, distortion = 2,4,6 over prototype (NQ = 1.5, Case 1)
Case 1 discussion and conclusions
Case 2 results
Case 2 discussion and conclusions
Figure 31. Crossflow velocity ratios, distortion = 2,4,6 over prototype (NQ = 1.0, Case 2)
Case 3: Flow separation at sloping edge
Figure 33. Cross sections showing distortion for sloping edge tests
Figure 35. Velocity field at 2/3 d, NQ =1.0, distortion = 2 (Case 3)
Figure 37. Velocity field at 2/3 d, NQ =1.0, distortion = 6 (Case 3)
Figure 39. Velocity field at 1/3 d, NQ =1.0, distortion = 2 (Case 3)
Figure 41. Velocity field at 1/3 d, NQ =1.0, distortion = 6 (Case 3)
Figure 42. Velocity field at 2/3 d, NQ =1.0, prototype vs. distortion = 6 (Case 3)
Case 3 discussion and conclusions
Figure 44. Crossflow velocity ratios at 2/3 d, distortion = 2,4,6 over prototype (No = 1.0, Case 3)
Figure 46. Crossflow velocity ratios at 1/3 d, distortion = 2,4,6 over prototype (NQ = 1, Case 3)
Case 4: Flow Separation at Vertical Step - TR-03-60078
Table 7 Distortion in Vertical Step Experiment
Figure 49. Comparison of horizontal flow magnitudes in lee of a vertical step
Conclusions from Turbulence Scale Effects Experiments
Impact of Dredging Planform
Figure 50. Experiment setup for harbor dredging planform configuration
Dredge Transition Test Results
Figure 52. Flow leaving dredged region over vertical transition
Figure 54. Flow entering dredged region over vertical transition
Figure 56. Photograph of flow entering dredged region over vertical transition
Figure 57. Photograph of flow entering dredged region over sloping transition
7 3-D Cook Inlet Model
Figure 58. Area coverage of 3-D Cook Inlet model
Table 10 Scale Ratios for 3-D Model
Model fabrication
Figure 60. Router rough-cut of bathymetry
Figure 61. Router finish cut of bathymetry
Figure 63. Portion of 3-D model looking downstream
Model operation
Figure 66. 3-D Cook Inlet model installed for flood flow
3-D Model Observations
Figure 67. Surface flow tracer showing reduced flow at Port of Anchorage during ebb tide
Figure 69. Aerial showing approximate flow separation and entrainment region in lee of Carin Point during ebb tide
Conclusions from Cook Inlet 3-D Model
Conclusions from Cook Inlet 3-D Model cont'd
Summary and Conclusions - TR-03-60103
Task 3: Turbulence scale effect in distorted physical models
Study Conclusions
Turbulence scale effects study conclusions
Turbulence scale effects study conclusions cont'd
References - TR-03-60108
Appendix A Case 1 - Flow Separation at Vertical Edge - Free Jet
Figure A1. Case 1, Q = 1.5 L/sec, prototype
Figure A3. Case 1, Q = 1.5 L/sec, distortion = 4
Figure A5. Case 1, Q = 1.5 L/sec, prototype vs. distortion = 2
Figure A7. Case 1, Q = 1.5 L/sec, prototype vs. distortion = 6
Figure A9. Case 1, Q = 1.5 L/sec, prototype minus distortion = 4
Figure A11. Case 1, Q = 1.5 L/sec, ratios between prototype and distortions 2, 4, and 6
Figure A13. Case 1, Q = 1.0 L/sec, prototype
Figure A15. Case 1, Q = 1.0 L/sec, distortion = 4
Figure A17: Case 1, Q = 1.0 L/sec, prototype vs. distortion = 2
Figure A19. Case 1, Q = 1.0 L/sec, prototype vs. distortion = 6
Figure A21. Case 1, Q = 1.0 L/sec, prototype minus distortion = 4
Figure A23. Case 1, Q = 1.0 L/sec, ratios between prototype and distortions 2, 4, and 6
Figure A25. Case 1, Q = 0.75 L/sec, prototype
Figure A27. Case 1, Q = 0.75 L/sec, distortion = 4
Figure A29. Case 1, Q = 0.75 L/sec, prototype vs. distortion = 2
Figure A31. Case 1, Q = 0.75 L/sec, prototype vs. distortion = 6
Figure A33. Case 1, Q = 0.75 L/sec, prototype minus distortion = 4
Figure A35. Case 1, Q = 0.75 L/sec, ratios between prototype and distortions 2, 4, and 6
Appendix B Case 2 - Flow Separation at Vertical Edge - Constrained Jet
Figure B1. Case 2, Q = 1.5 L/sec, prototype
Figure B3. Case 2, Q = 1.5 L/sec, distortion = 4
Figure B5. Case 2, Q = 1.5 L/sec, prototype vs. distortion = 2
Figure B7. Case 2, Q = 1.5 L/sec, prototype vs. distortion = 6
Figure B9. Case 2, Q = 1.5 L/sec, prototype minus distortion = 4
Figure B11. Case 2, Q = 1.5 L/sec, ratios between prototype and distortions 2, 4, and 6
Figure B13. Case 2, Q = 1.0 L/sec, prototype
Figure B15. Case 2, Q = 1.0 L/sec, distortion = 4
Figure B17. Case 2, Q = 1.0 L/sec, prototype vs. distortion = 2
Figure B19. Case 2, Q = 1.0 L/sec, prototype vs. distortion = 6
Figure B21. Case 2, Q = 1.0 L/sec, prototype minus distortion = 4
Figure B23. Case 2, Q = 1.0 L/sec, ratios between prototype and distortions 2, 4, and 6
Figure B25. Case 2, Q = 0.75 L/sec, prototype
Figure B27. Case 2, Q = 0.75 L/sec, distortion = 4
Figure B29. Case 2, Q = 0.75 L/sec, prototype vs. distortion = 2
Figure B31. Case 2, Q = 0.75 L/sec, prototype vs. distortion = 6
Figure B33. Case 2, Q = 0.75 L/sec, prototype minus distortion = 4
Figure B35. Case 2, Q = 0.75 L/sec, ratios between prototype and distortions 2, 4, and 6
Appendix C Case 3 - Flow Separation at Sloping Edge
Figure C1. Case 3 (1/3 d), Q = 1.5 L/sec, prototype
Figure C3. Case 3 (1/3 d), Q = 1.5 L/sec, distortion = 4
Figure C5. Case 3 (1/3 d), Q = 1.5 L/sec, prototype vs. distortion = 2
Figure C7. Case 3 (1/3 d), Q = 1.5 L/sec, prototype vs. distortion = 6
Figure C9. Case 3 (1/3 d), Q = 1.5 L/sec, prototype minus distortion = 4
Figure C11. Case 3 (1/3 d), Q = 1.5 L/sec, ratios between prototype and distortions 2, 4, and 6
Figure C13. Case 3 (2/3 d), Q = 1.5 L/sec, prototype
Figure C15. Case 3 (2/3 d), Q = 1.5 L/sec, distortion = 4
Figure C17. Case 3 (2/3 d), Q = 1.5 L/sec, prototype vs. distortion = 2
Figure C19. Case 3 (2/3 d), Q = 1.5 L/sec, prototype vs. distortion = 6
Figure C21. Case 3 (2/3 d), Q = 1.5 L/sec, prototype minus distortion = 4
Figure C23. Case 3 (2/3 d), Q = 1.5 L/sec, ratios between prototype and distortions 2, 4, and 6
Figure C25. Case 3 (1/3 d), Q = 1.0 L/sec, prototype
Figure C27. Case 3 (1/3 d), Q = 1.0 L/sec, distortion = 4
Figure C29. Case 3 (1/3 d), Q = 1.0 L/sec, prototype vs. distortion = 2
Figure C31. Case 3 (1/3 d), Q = 1.0 L/sec, prototype vs. distortion = 6
Figure C33. Case 3 (1/3 d), Q = 1.0 L/sec, prototype minus distortion = 4
Figure C35. Case 3 (1/3 d), Q = 1.0 L/sec, ratios between prototype and distortions 2, 4, and 6
Figure C37. Case 3 (2/3 d), Q = 1.0 L/sec, prototype
Figure C39. Case 3 (2/3 d), Q = 1.0 L/sec, distortion = 4
Figure C41. Case 3 (2/3 d), Q = 1.0 L/sec, prototype vs. distortion = 2
Figure C43. Case 3 (2/3 d), Q = 1.0 L/sec, prototype vs. distortion = 6
Figure C45. Case 3 (2/3 d), Q = 1.0 L/sec, prototype minus distortion = 4
Figure C47. Case 3 (2/3 d), Q = 1.0 L/sec, ratios between prototype and distortions 2, 4, and 6
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE - TR-03-60172
(Concluded) - TR-03-60173
TR-03-6
Commerce at Port of Anchorage in 2001 (City of Anchorage Web Site)
Problem Background
Turbulent scale effect in geometrically distorted physical models
Task 2: Small-area idealized flow model of Cook Inlet
Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory Flow Table
Figure 3. Side view of CHL flow table
Figure 5. View of traversing system looking down through glass bottom
Idealized Cook Inlet Models
Figure 6. Area coverage of large-area and small-area idealized models
Large-Area Model Description
Figure 7. Idealized bathymetry in large-area model
Figure 8. Cutting large-area model pieces with router
Large-Area Model Observations
Figure 10. Flood flow in large-area idealized model
Figure 12. Alaska District engineers observe dye patterns in large-area idealized model
Small-Area Model Description
Small-Area Model Observations
Figure 14. Cutting small-area model pieces with router
Figure 16. Idealized bathymetry in small-area model
Figure 17. Small-area idealized model positioning on flow table
Conclusions From Idealized Models
Turbulence Scale Effect in Distored Models
Geometrically Distorted Models
Turbulence Similitude in Geometrically Distorted Models
Turbulence Similitude in Geometrically Distorted Models cont'd - TR-03-60041
Turbulence Similitude in Geometrically Distorted Models cont'd - TR-03-60042
Turbulence Similitude in Geometrically Distorted Models cont'd - TR-03-60043
Turbulence Similitude in Geometrically Distorted Models cont'd - TR-03-60044
Anticipated Scale Effects
Anticipated Scale Effects cont'd
Flow at Bend
Flow at Bend cont'd - TR-03-60048
Flow at Bend cont'd - TR-03-60049
Flow at Bend cont'd - TR-03-60050
Flow at Bend cont'd - TR-03-60051
Turbulence Scale Effect Experiments
Case 4: Flow separation at vertical step - TR-03-60053
Table 4 Distorted Model Froude Scales
Case 1: Flow Separation at Vertical Edge - Free Jet
Experiment setup
Figure 20. Experiment setup for Case 1 free jet flow separation at vertical edge
Table 5 Distortion Experimental Scale Factors and Parameters
Case 1 results
Figure 21. Velocity field NQ = 1.5, prototype (Case 1)
Figure 23. Velocity field NQ = 1.5, distortion = 4 (Case 1)
Figure 25. Comparison between prototype and distortion = 6, NQ = 1.5 (Case 1)
Figure 27. Crossflow velocity ratios, distortion = 2,4,6 over prototype (NQ = 1.5, Case 1)
Case 1 discussion and conclusions
Case 2 results
Case 2 discussion and conclusions
Figure 31. Crossflow velocity ratios, distortion = 2,4,6 over prototype (NQ = 1.0, Case 2)
Case 3: Flow separation at sloping edge
Figure 33. Cross sections showing distortion for sloping edge tests
Figure 35. Velocity field at 2/3 d, NQ =1.0, distortion = 2 (Case 3)
Figure 37. Velocity field at 2/3 d, NQ =1.0, distortion = 6 (Case 3)
Figure 39. Velocity field at 1/3 d, NQ =1.0, distortion = 2 (Case 3)
Figure 41. Velocity field at 1/3 d, NQ =1.0, distortion = 6 (Case 3)
Figure 42. Velocity field at 2/3 d, NQ =1.0, prototype vs. distortion = 6 (Case 3)
Case 3 discussion and conclusions
Figure 44. Crossflow velocity ratios at 2/3 d, distortion = 2,4,6 over prototype (No = 1.0, Case 3)
Figure 46. Crossflow velocity ratios at 1/3 d, distortion = 2,4,6 over prototype (NQ = 1, Case 3)
Case 4: Flow Separation at Vertical Step - TR-03-60078
Table 7 Distortion in Vertical Step Experiment
Figure 49. Comparison of horizontal flow magnitudes in lee of a vertical step
Conclusions from Turbulence Scale Effects Experiments
Impact of Dredging Planform
Figure 50. Experiment setup for harbor dredging planform configuration
Dredge Transition Test Results
Figure 52. Flow leaving dredged region over vertical transition
Figure 54. Flow entering dredged region over vertical transition
Figure 56. Photograph of flow entering dredged region over vertical transition
Figure 57. Photograph of flow entering dredged region over sloping transition
7 3-D Cook Inlet Model
Figure 58. Area coverage of 3-D Cook Inlet model
Table 10 Scale Ratios for 3-D Model
Model fabrication
Figure 60. Router rough-cut of bathymetry
Figure 61. Router finish cut of bathymetry
Figure 63. Portion of 3-D model looking downstream
Model operation
Figure 66. 3-D Cook Inlet model installed for flood flow
3-D Model Observations
Figure 67. Surface flow tracer showing reduced flow at Port of Anchorage during ebb tide
Figure 69. Aerial showing approximate flow separation and entrainment region in lee of Carin Point during ebb tide
Conclusions from Cook Inlet 3-D Model
Conclusions from Cook Inlet 3-D Model cont'd
Summary and Conclusions - TR-03-60103
Task 3: Turbulence scale effect in distorted physical models
Study Conclusions
Turbulence scale effects study conclusions
Turbulence scale effects study conclusions cont'd
References - TR-03-60108
Appendix A Case 1 - Flow Separation at Vertical Edge - Free Jet
Figure A1. Case 1, Q = 1.5 L/sec, prototype
Figure A3. Case 1, Q = 1.5 L/sec, distortion = 4
Figure A5. Case 1, Q = 1.5 L/sec, prototype vs. distortion = 2
Figure A7. Case 1, Q = 1.5 L/sec, prototype vs. distortion = 6
Figure A9. Case 1, Q = 1.5 L/sec, prototype minus distortion = 4
Figure A11. Case 1, Q = 1.5 L/sec, ratios between prototype and distortions 2, 4, and 6
Figure A13. Case 1, Q = 1.0 L/sec, prototype
Figure A15. Case 1, Q = 1.0 L/sec, distortion = 4
Figure A17: Case 1, Q = 1.0 L/sec, prototype vs. distortion = 2
Figure A19. Case 1, Q = 1.0 L/sec, prototype vs. distortion = 6
Figure A21. Case 1, Q = 1.0 L/sec, prototype minus distortion = 4
Figure A23. Case 1, Q = 1.0 L/sec, ratios between prototype and distortions 2, 4, and 6
Figure A25. Case 1, Q = 0.75 L/sec, prototype
Figure A27. Case 1, Q = 0.75 L/sec, distortion = 4
Figure A29. Case 1, Q = 0.75 L/sec, prototype vs. distortion = 2
Figure A31. Case 1, Q = 0.75 L/sec, prototype vs. distortion = 6
Figure A33. Case 1, Q = 0.75 L/sec, prototype minus distortion = 4
Figure A35. Case 1, Q = 0.75 L/sec, ratios between prototype and distortions 2, 4, and 6
Appendix B Case 2 - Flow Separation at Vertical Edge - Constrained Jet
Figure B1. Case 2, Q = 1.5 L/sec, prototype
Figure B3. Case 2, Q = 1.5 L/sec, distortion = 4
Figure B5. Case 2, Q = 1.5 L/sec, prototype vs. distortion = 2
Figure B7. Case 2, Q = 1.5 L/sec, prototype vs. distortion = 6
Figure B9. Case 2, Q = 1.5 L/sec, prototype minus distortion = 4
Figure B11. Case 2, Q = 1.5 L/sec, ratios between prototype and distortions 2, 4, and 6
Figure B13. Case 2, Q = 1.0 L/sec, prototype
Figure B15. Case 2, Q = 1.0 L/sec, distortion = 4
Figure B17. Case 2, Q = 1.0 L/sec, prototype vs. distortion = 2
Figure B19. Case 2, Q = 1.0 L/sec, prototype vs. distortion = 6
Figure B21. Case 2, Q = 1.0 L/sec, prototype minus distortion = 4
Figure B23. Case 2, Q = 1.0 L/sec, ratios between prototype and distortions 2, 4, and 6
Figure B25. Case 2, Q = 0.75 L/sec, prototype
Figure B27. Case 2, Q = 0.75 L/sec, distortion = 4
Figure B29. Case 2, Q = 0.75 L/sec, prototype vs. distortion = 2
Figure B31. Case 2, Q = 0.75 L/sec, prototype vs. distortion = 6
Figure B33. Case 2, Q = 0.75 L/sec, prototype minus distortion = 4
Figure B35. Case 2, Q = 0.75 L/sec, ratios between prototype and distortions 2, 4, and 6
Appendix C Case 3 - Flow Separation at Sloping Edge
Figure C1. Case 3 (1/3 d), Q = 1.5 L/sec, prototype
Figure C3. Case 3 (1/3 d), Q = 1.5 L/sec, distortion = 4
Figure C5. Case 3 (1/3 d), Q = 1.5 L/sec, prototype vs. distortion = 2
Figure C7. Case 3 (1/3 d), Q = 1.5 L/sec, prototype vs. distortion = 6
Figure C9. Case 3 (1/3 d), Q = 1.5 L/sec, prototype minus distortion = 4
Figure C11. Case 3 (1/3 d), Q = 1.5 L/sec, ratios between prototype and distortions 2, 4, and 6
Figure C13. Case 3 (2/3 d), Q = 1.5 L/sec, prototype
Figure C15. Case 3 (2/3 d), Q = 1.5 L/sec, distortion = 4
Figure C17. Case 3 (2/3 d), Q = 1.5 L/sec, prototype vs. distortion = 2
Figure C19. Case 3 (2/3 d), Q = 1.5 L/sec, prototype vs. distortion = 6
Figure C21. Case 3 (2/3 d), Q = 1.5 L/sec, prototype minus distortion = 4
Figure C23. Case 3 (2/3 d), Q = 1.5 L/sec, ratios between prototype and distortions 2, 4, and 6
Figure C25. Case 3 (1/3 d), Q = 1.0 L/sec, prototype
Figure C27. Case 3 (1/3 d), Q = 1.0 L/sec, distortion = 4
Figure C29. Case 3 (1/3 d), Q = 1.0 L/sec, prototype vs. distortion = 2
Figure C31. Case 3 (1/3 d), Q = 1.0 L/sec, prototype vs. distortion = 6
Figure C33. Case 3 (1/3 d), Q = 1.0 L/sec, prototype minus distortion = 4
Figure C35. Case 3 (1/3 d), Q = 1.0 L/sec, ratios between prototype and distortions 2, 4, and 6
Figure C37. Case 3 (2/3 d), Q = 1.0 L/sec, prototype
Figure C39. Case 3 (2/3 d), Q = 1.0 L/sec, distortion = 4
Figure C41. Case 3 (2/3 d), Q = 1.0 L/sec, prototype vs. distortion = 2
Figure C43. Case 3 (2/3 d), Q = 1.0 L/sec, prototype vs. distortion = 6
Figure C45. Case 3 (2/3 d), Q = 1.0 L/sec, prototype minus distortion = 4
Figure C47. Case 3 (2/3 d), Q = 1.0 L/sec, ratios between prototype and distortions 2, 4, and 6
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE - TR-03-60172
(Concluded) - TR-03-60173
TR-03-6
